Model T Serial Cable: Difference between revisions

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The ideal cable to go from a PC to a Model 100, 102, 200, or 600, would be described as "9F/25M serial null-modem full-handshake".
The ideal cable to go from a PC to a Model 100, 102, 200, or 600, would be described as "9F/25M serial null-modem full-handshake".


This combination of connectors and wiring is sometimes called a "Serial Printer" cable, as opposed to a modem or null-modem cable.
That is an uncommon configuration to find in a single cable without needing adapters or needing to build it yourself custom.
 
The serial ports on
:TRS-80/TANDY Model 100, 102, 200, 600
:NEC PC-8201, PC-8201A, PC-8300, PC-8401 / Starlet, PC-8500
:Olivetti M10
:Kyotronic KC-85
have a DTE pinout, the same as a com port on a PC, but with a female connector, unlike a pc.
 
This is a backwards configuration from everything else today. This was not always the universal standard, but the universal standard ''today''' and ever since the IBM PC, is that DTE ports (serial ports on host computers) are male (9-pin or 25-pin), and a DB25F (25-pin female) is one of 2 things: it is either a parallel printer port, or a DCE port on a peripheral (like a modem or printer), not a DTE port on a computer.


That is an uncommon configuration to find in a single cable without needing adapters or needing to build it yourself custom.
This means that most serial cables you will find today will need some sort of adapter to connect a "Model T" to anything else.
 
If you have a null-modem cable, it will probably have female connectors on both ends, and probably will be 9-pin on both ends. You would need either a gender-changer or a 9-to-25 adapter or both to use that.


The serial ports on Models 100, 102, 200, 600 (and NEC PC-8201 & PC-8300, Olivetti M10, and Kyotronic KC-85) have a DTE pinout, the same as a com port on a PC, but with a female connector, unlike a pc.
If you have a cable with the right connectors on both ends (25 pin male and 9 pin femal), it is probably a straight-through "modem" cable, not a null-modem cable. You would need at minimum a male-to-female null-modem adapter to use that.


This is a backwards configuration from everything else today. This may have been the original standard, and IBM came along later and changed it by using male connectors for the COM ports on their PCs (probably to distinguish them from the printer port which used a female DB25), but the universal standard '''today''' is that DTE ports are male, and a DB25F (25-pin female) is either a parallel printer port or a DCE port on a peripheral (like a modem), never a DTE port on a host (a computer).
So a single cable with both the right wiring on the inside, and the right connectors on the outside, without needing a stack of adapters, is a little bit special. They do make them, but you just have to search for them specially. Sometimes you can find a cable with that combination of properties by searching for a "Serial Printer" cable.


That means that usually you always need some kind of adapter between a PC and a M100/102/200/600, because none of the normal cables you will have lying around will have the right combination of wiring and connectors. (If you have a null-modem cable, it will probably have the wrong connectors. If you have a cable with the right connectors, it is probably a straight-though, aka "modem" cable.)
Several known-good ideal cables are linked below.


The ideal cable is this:
The ideal cable is this:
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; margin: auto;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; margin: auto;"
|-
|-
!colspan="4"|looking at cable end!!rowspan="0"|[[File:RS-232-Null-Modem-Cable-DE9F-to-DB25M.jpg]]
<!-- !colspan="4"|looking at cable end!!rowspan="0"|[[File:RS-232-Null-Modem-Cable-DE9F-to-DB25M.jpg]] -->
!colspan="4"|looking at cable end!!rowspan="0"|[[File:DE9F DB25M.jpg|400px]]
|-
|-
!colspan="2"|female<br>[[File:Conn_dsub9f.gif]]!!colspan="2"|male<br>[[File:Conn_dsub25m.gif]]
!colspan="2"|female<br>[[File:Conn_dsub9f.gif]]!!colspan="2"|male<br>[[File:Conn_dsub25m.gif]]
Line 29: Line 41:
| TX || 3 || 3 || RX
| TX || 3 || 3 || RX
|-
|-
| DTR || 4 || 6<br>8 || DSR<br>DCD
| DTR || 4 || 6<br>8 || DSR<br>DCD(note)
|-
|-
| SG || 5 || 7 || SG
| SG || 5 || 7 || SG
Line 40: Line 52:
|}
|}
<br clear=all>
<br clear=all>
(note) Model 100 does not have anything connected to the DCD pin, so technically you could omit pin 8 on the 25-pin end of the cable, but the cable itself should still have it just to conform to standards and so there are no mystery surprises when connected to other things. Also perhaps some of the other Model T's besides Model 100 may actually have that pin connected. I haven't checked all models for that detail.


==Ideal Cables==
==Ideal Cables==
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* [https://www.pccables.com/products/00103.html PCCables 00103]
* [https://www.pccables.com/products/00103.html PCCables 00103]
:DCD+DSR<-->DTR
:No RI
:No RI
* C2G 03019 [https://www.amazon.com/dp/B000083K2R/ Amazon] [https://www.cdw.com/shop/products/C2G-null-modem-cable-6-ft-white/1153481.aspx CDW]
* C2G 03019 [https://www.amazon.com/dp/B000083K2R/ Amazon] [https://www.cdw.com/shop/products/C2G-null-modem-cable-6-ft-white/1153481.aspx CDW]
:DCD+DSR<-->DTR
:S+PG
:S+PG
:No RI
:No RI
*[https://cablesondemand.com/db25-male-to-db9-female-null-modem-cable-double-shielded-full-handshaking-cs-dsnl4259mf Amphenol CS-DSNL4259MF-005]
*[https://cablesondemand.com/db25-male-to-db9-female-null-modem-cable-double-shielded-full-handshaking-cs-dsnl4259mf Amphenol CS-DSNL4259MF-005]
:DCD+DSR<-->DTR
:S+PG
:S+PG
:No RI
:No RI
:Includes nuts (removable) on the 9-pin plug screws, so you can screw a usb-serial adapter together to the cable, no matter whether the usb-serial adapter has screws or nuts.
:Includes nuts (removable) on the 9-pin plug screws, so if you have the wrong kind of usb-serial adapter you can still screw it to the cable.
*[https://www.startech.com/Cables/Serial-Parallel-PS-2/DB9-DB25/10-ft-Cross-Wired-DB9-DB25-Serial-Null-Modem-Cable~SCNM925FM StarTech SCNM925FM]
*[https://www.startech.com/Cables/Serial-Parallel-PS-2/DB9-DB25/10-ft-Cross-Wired-DB9-DB25-Serial-Null-Modem-Cable~SCNM925FM StarTech SCNM925FM]
:No DCD
:No DCD
Line 61: Line 72:


==Software Flow Control Only Cables==
==Software Flow Control Only Cables==
These cables actually work fine for everything(*). They are "less-ideal" only because the RTS/CTS hardware flow control lines are self-satisfied (aka shorted, faked, looped-back), or missing, or wired in some non-standard way like connecting DSR/DTR to CTS. But they have the correct physical plugs, and correct TX/RX wiring, and so they work fine for software flow-control.
These cables are not full-handshake, but still work fine for almost everything.


And software flow-control is the only thing any of the old software ever used. The system rom doesn't even contain anything that accesses the RTS/CTS lines, not in BASIC nor TELCOM.
They are not ''ideal'' only because the RTS/CTS hardware flow control lines are either missing or faked or wired in some non-standard way. But that is not a major concern because almost nothing uses rts/cts on a Model T.


(*) The exception to "everything": The hardware in Models 100-600 can do RTS/CTS. The pins on the DB25 connector are wired up to the UART. But to use those signals, you have to manipulate the UART registers yourself from a machine language program. The only software I know of that does this to date is [http://bitchin100.com/wiki/index.php?title=HTERM HTERM]. So these cables are NOT suitable for HTERM. They ARE suitable for TELCOM and [[TPDD_Emulators]].
Software flow-control is the only thing any software ever used on these machines, because the system ROM doesn't contain any code to accesses the RTS/CTS pins. The hardware is present and functional, but can only be accessed from machine language programs. [http://bitchin100.com/wiki/index.php?title=HTERM HTERM] and [https://bitchin100.com/wiki/index.php?title=TBACK TBACK] are the only known examples of that.
 
These cables have the correct physical plugs, and correct TX/RX wiring, and have DSR/DTR at least faked, and so they work for all software flow-control applications, which is just about everything, including [[TPDD_Emulators|TPDD emulators]].
 
Special note about TPDD emulators: [https://github.com/bkw777/dlplus/tree/master/clients TPDD clients] all require that the DTR pin be connected to something. It can be faked (shorted to the machine's own DSR), or real (connected to the other ends DSR), or even wierder setups like connecting to RTS+CTS, but it has to be connected to something. A minimal 3-conductor cable can still do TPDD as long as it has DTR shorted to DSR in the DB25 plug. Many generic cables don't have that but these specific cables all do.


*[https://www.monoprice.com/product?p_id=479 Monoprice 479]
*[https://www.monoprice.com/product?p_id=479 Monoprice 479]
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:DSR+CTS<-->DTR
:DSR+CTS<-->DTR
:No RI
:No RI
:This is a very unusual type of cable. If you don't have an HP or IBM plotter, I would not recommend getting this. But, strictly for the TX/RX and the physical connectors, as long as the software is ignoring RTS/CTS and DSR/DTR, it does work, so if you do have an HP or IBM plotter, then you could use this for both your plotter and your M100.
:This is a very unusual type of cable. If you don't have an HP or IBM plotter, I would not recommend getting this. But, strictly for the TX/RX and the physical connectors, as long as the software is ignoring RTS/CTS and DSR/DTR, it does work, so if you do have an HP or IBM plotter, then you could use this for both your plotter and your M100. It is included here simply for completeness and reference, not as a suggestion.
* [https://www.amazon.com/dp/B078M4H4H8 AYA NM9F25M-06]
:DCD<-->RTS+CTS
:RI<-->RI


==USB-Serial Adaters==
==USB-Serial Adapters==
Any one will work well enough. But some considerations are:
Any one will work well enough. But some considerations are:


Models based on FTDI chips are generally better than the ones based on Prolific chips.
Models based on FTDI chips are generally better than the ones based on Prolific or other chips.
 
Try to get a usb-serial adapter that has nuts, not screws.


The serial cables all have screws in the plugs, so if you get a usb-serial adapter that has nuts (instead of screws) then the serial cable can be locked onto the usb-serial adapter with the screws.
Here are a few ideal known-good examples.


*[https://www.amazon.com/dp/B005SYQV9C/ Sabrent SBT-FTDI]
===USB-C===
*[https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0762BSKGC/ Tera Grande 3ft w/ jack nuts]
*[https://www.amazon.com/dp/B073ZJ6M2X/ Gearmo GM-FTDI2-LED16-C] (FTDI)
*[https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0007T27H8/ TrendNet TU-S9] (Prolific-based, but better than most other Prolific-based)
*[https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B074VN9ZG4/ Startech ICUSB232C] (Prolific)
 
===USB===
*[https://www.amazon.com/dp/B005SYQV9C/ Sabrent SBT-FTDI] (FTDI)
*[https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0762BSKGC/ Tera Grande USB2-RS232WN-03] (FTDI)
*[https://www.amazon.com/dp/B01DT6K8G2/ Gearmo GM-FTDI2-LED] (FTDI)
*[https://www.amazon.com/dp/B01AT2FTOU/ DTECH DT-5018] (FTDI, has both 9 and 25 pin connectors)
*[https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0007T27H8 TRENDnet TU-S9] (Prolific)


==Legend==
==Legend==
For all the cable wiring notes above, the notes indicate how the cable '''differs''' from a canonical RS-232 DTE-to-DTE null-modem reference.<br>
For all the cable wiring notes above, the notes indicate how the cable '''differs''' from a canonical RS-232 DTE-to-DTE null-modem reference.  
[[File:RS-232 full-handshake null-modem.png|thumb|RS-232 full-handshake null-modem]]
<br>
Any signal that is not mentioned, is wired according to the reference.  IE, if TX or RX is not mentioned, then TX on one end of the cable is connected to RX on the other end of the cable.<br>
Any signal that is not mentioned, is wired according to the reference.  IE, if TX or RX is not mentioned, then TX on one end of the cable is connected to RX on the other end of the cable.<br>
Unless otherwise noted, the indicated wiring is symmetrical, the indicated connections are the same on both ends of the cable.
Unless otherwise noted, the indicated wiring is symmetrical, the indicated connections are the same on both ends of the cable.
Line 118: Line 147:
:DB25 pins 4 (RTS) & 5 (CTS) are connected to each other, and to DE9 pin 1 (DCD).
:DB25 pins 4 (RTS) & 5 (CTS) are connected to each other, and to DE9 pin 1 (DCD).
:DE9 pins 7 (RTS) & 8 (CTS) are connected to each other, and to DB25 pin 8 (DCD).
:DE9 pins 7 (RTS) & 8 (CTS) are connected to each other, and to DB25 pin 8 (DCD).
'''DCD+DSR<-->DTR'''
:'''D'''ata '''C'''arrier '''D'''etect is connected to '''D'''ata '''S'''et '''R'''eady on one end, and both are connected to '''D'''ata '''T'''erminal '''R'''ready on the other end.<br>
:DB25 pins 8 (DCD) & 6 (DSR) are connected to each other, and to DE9 pin 4 (DTR).
:DE9 pins 1 (DCD) & 6 (DSR) are connected to each other, and to DB25 pin 20 (DTR).

Latest revision as of 13:20, 17 August 2024

Summary

The ideal cable to go from a PC to a Model 100, 102, 200, or 600, would be described as "9F/25M serial null-modem full-handshake".

That is an uncommon configuration to find in a single cable without needing adapters or needing to build it yourself custom.

The serial ports on

TRS-80/TANDY Model 100, 102, 200, 600
NEC PC-8201, PC-8201A, PC-8300, PC-8401 / Starlet, PC-8500
Olivetti M10
Kyotronic KC-85

have a DTE pinout, the same as a com port on a PC, but with a female connector, unlike a pc.

This is a backwards configuration from everything else today. This was not always the universal standard, but the universal standard today' and ever since the IBM PC, is that DTE ports (serial ports on host computers) are male (9-pin or 25-pin), and a DB25F (25-pin female) is one of 2 things: it is either a parallel printer port, or a DCE port on a peripheral (like a modem or printer), not a DTE port on a computer.

This means that most serial cables you will find today will need some sort of adapter to connect a "Model T" to anything else.

If you have a null-modem cable, it will probably have female connectors on both ends, and probably will be 9-pin on both ends. You would need either a gender-changer or a 9-to-25 adapter or both to use that.

If you have a cable with the right connectors on both ends (25 pin male and 9 pin femal), it is probably a straight-through "modem" cable, not a null-modem cable. You would need at minimum a male-to-female null-modem adapter to use that.

So a single cable with both the right wiring on the inside, and the right connectors on the outside, without needing a stack of adapters, is a little bit special. They do make them, but you just have to search for them specially. Sometimes you can find a cable with that combination of properties by searching for a "Serial Printer" cable.

Several known-good ideal cables are linked below.

The ideal cable is this:

DE9F-DB25M Serial/RS-232 Null-Modem cable
looking at cable end
female
 male
DTE DTE
Signal DE9F DB25M Signal
RX 2 2 TX
TX 3 3 RX
DTR 4 6
8		 DSR
DCD(note)
SG 5 7 SG
DSR
DCD		 6
1		 20 DTR
RTS 7 5 CTS
CTS 8 4 RTS


(note) Model 100 does not have anything connected to the DCD pin, so technically you could omit pin 8 on the 25-pin end of the cable, but the cable itself should still have it just to conform to standards and so there are no mystery surprises when connected to other things. Also perhaps some of the other Model T's besides Model 100 may actually have that pin connected. I haven't checked all models for that detail.

Ideal Cables

These cables are wired null-modem, have all the connections for hardware flow-control, and the right physical connectors on both ends, all in one factory-molded piece. You don't need any null-modem adapters or gender-changer adapters.

No RI
S+PG
No RI
S+PG
No RI
Includes nuts (removable) on the 9-pin plug screws, so if you have the wrong kind of usb-serial adapter you can still screw it to the cable.
No DCD
No RI

Software Flow Control Only Cables

These cables are not full-handshake, but still work fine for almost everything.

They are not ideal only because the RTS/CTS hardware flow control lines are either missing or faked or wired in some non-standard way. But that is not a major concern because almost nothing uses rts/cts on a Model T.

Software flow-control is the only thing any software ever used on these machines, because the system ROM doesn't contain any code to accesses the RTS/CTS pins. The hardware is present and functional, but can only be accessed from machine language programs. HTERM and TBACK are the only known examples of that.

These cables have the correct physical plugs, and correct TX/RX wiring, and have DSR/DTR at least faked, and so they work for all software flow-control applications, which is just about everything, including TPDD emulators.

Special note about TPDD emulators: TPDD clients all require that the DTR pin be connected to something. It can be faked (shorted to the machine's own DSR), or real (connected to the other ends DSR), or even wierder setups like connecting to RTS+CTS, but it has to be connected to something. A minimal 3-conductor cable can still do TPDD as long as it has DTR shorted to DSR in the DB25 plug. Many generic cables don't have that but these specific cables all do.

DCD<-->RTS+CTS
RI<-->RI
DCD<-->RTS+CTS
RI<-->RI
DCD<-->RTS+CTS
No RI
DCD<-->RTS+CTS
No RI
DTR<-->DCD+RTS+CTS
No RI
DTR<-->DCD+RTS+CTS
No RI
DCD<-->RTS
DSR+CTS<-->DTR
No RI
This is a very unusual type of cable. If you don't have an HP or IBM plotter, I would not recommend getting this. But, strictly for the TX/RX and the physical connectors, as long as the software is ignoring RTS/CTS and DSR/DTR, it does work, so if you do have an HP or IBM plotter, then you could use this for both your plotter and your M100. It is included here simply for completeness and reference, not as a suggestion.
DCD<-->RTS+CTS
RI<-->RI

USB-Serial Adapters

Any one will work well enough. But some considerations are:

Models based on FTDI chips are generally better than the ones based on Prolific or other chips.

Try to get a usb-serial adapter that has nuts, not screws.

Here are a few ideal known-good examples.

USB-C

USB

Legend

For all the cable wiring notes above, the notes indicate how the cable differs from a canonical RS-232 DTE-to-DTE null-modem reference.

RS-232 full-handshake null-modem


Any signal that is not mentioned, is wired according to the reference. IE, if TX or RX is not mentioned, then TX on one end of the cable is connected to RX on the other end of the cable.
Unless otherwise noted, the indicated wiring is symmetrical, the indicated connections are the same on both ends of the cable.

S+PG

The cable Shield (& connector shell) is connected to Protective Ground or "frame ground" (pin 1 on the DB25 connector, no pin on the DB9 just the connector shell)

RI<-->RI

Ring Iindicator is connected to Ring Indicator
DB25 pin 22 (RI) is connected to DE9 pin 9 (RI)

DCD<-->RTS+CTS

Request To Ssend is connected to Clear T Send on one end, and both are connected to Data Carrier Detect on the other end.
DB25 pins 4 (RTS) & 5 (CTS) are connected to each other, and to DE9 pin 1 (DCD).
DE9 pins 7 (RTS) & 8 (CTS) are connected to each other, and to DB25 pin 8 (DCD).
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