Model T Serial Cable: Difference between revisions
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<!-- Model 100 does not have anything connected to the DCD pin, so you may connect, ignore, or omit pin 8 on the 25-pin end of the cable. --> | |||
==Ideal Cables== | ==Ideal Cables== | ||
Revision as of 12:24, 6 May 2021
Summary
The ideal cable to go from a PC to a Model 100, 102, 200, or 600, would be described as "9F/25M serial null-modem full-handshake".
That is an uncommon configuration to find in a single cable without needing adapters or needing to build it yourself custom.
The serial ports on
- TRS-80/TANDY Model 100, 102, 200, 600
- NEC PC-8201, PC-8201A, PC-8300, PC-8401 / Starlet, PC-8500
- Olivetti M10
- Kyotronic KC-85
have a DTE pinout, the same as a com port on a PC, but with a female connector, unlike a pc.
This is a backwards configuration from everything else today. This may have been more common before the first IBM pc, and IBM came along later and created a new standard by using male connectors for the COM ports on their PCs, probably to distinguish them from the printer port which used a female DB25. But the universal standard today is that DTE ports are male (9-pin or 25-pin), and a DB25F (25-pin female) is either a parallel printer port or a DCE port on a peripheral (like a modem), not a DTE port on a host (a computer).
This means that most serial cables you will find today will need some sort of adapter to connect a "Model T" to anything else.
If you have a null-modem cable, it will probably have the wrong connectors, in which case you will need either a gender-changer or a 9-to-25 adapter or both.
If you have a cable with the right connectors, it is probably a straight-though "modem" cable, in which case you will need at minimum a male-to-female null-modem adapter.
So a single cable with both the right wiring on the inside, and the right connectors on the outside, without needing a stack of adapters, is a little bit special. They do make them, but you just have to search for them specially. Sometimes you can find a cable with that combination of properties by searching for a "Serial Printer" cable. Several known-good ideal cables are linked below.
The ideal cable is this:
| looking at cable end | 
| |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
female |
male
| |||
| DTE | DTE | |||
| Signal | DE9F | DB25M | Signal | |
| RX | 2 | 2 | TX | |
| TX | 3 | 3 | RX | |
| DTR | 4 | 6 8 |
DSR DCD | |
| SG | 5 | 7 | SG | |
| DSR DCD |
6 1 |
20 | DTR | |
| RTS | 7 | 5 | CTS | |
| CTS | 8 | 4 | RTS | |
Ideal Cables
These cables are wired null-modem, have all the connections for hardware flow-control, and the right physical connectors on both ends, all in one factory-molded piece. You don't need any null-modem adapters or gender-changer adapters.
- No RI
- S+PG
- No RI
- S+PG
- No RI
- Includes nuts (removable) on the 9-pin plug screws, so if you have the wrong kind of usb-serial adapter you can still screw it to the cable.
- No DCD
- No RI
Software Flow Control Only Cables
These cables actually work fine for everything(*). They are "less-ideal" only because the RTS/CTS hardware flow control lines are self-satisfied (aka shorted, faked, looped-back), or missing, or wired in some non-standard way like connecting DSR/DTR to CTS. But they have the correct physical plugs, and correct TX/RX wiring, and so they work fine for software flow-control.
And software flow-control is the only thing any of the old software ever used. The system rom doesn't even contain anything that accesses the RTS/CTS lines, not in BASIC nor TELCOM.
(*) The exception to "everything": The hardware in Models 100-600 can do RTS/CTS. The pins on the DB25 connector are wired up to the UART. But to use those signals, you have to manipulate the UART registers yourself from a machine language program. The only software I know of that does this to date is HTERM. So these cables are NOT suitable for HTERM. They ARE suitable for TELCOM and TPDD_Emulators.
- DCD<-->RTS+CTS
- RI<-->RI
- DCD<-->RTS+CTS
- RI<-->RI
- DCD<-->RTS+CTS
- No RI
- DCD<-->RTS+CTS
- No RI
- DTR<-->DCD+RTS+CTS
- No RI
- DTR<-->DCD+RTS+CTS
- No RI
- DCD<-->RTS
- DSR+CTS<-->DTR
- No RI
- This is a very unusual type of cable. If you don't have an HP or IBM plotter, I would not recommend getting this. But, strictly for the TX/RX and the physical connectors, as long as the software is ignoring RTS/CTS and DSR/DTR, it does work, so if you do have an HP or IBM plotter, then you could use this for both your plotter and your M100.
- DCD<-->RTS+CTS
- RI<-->RI
USB-Serial Adapters
Any one will work well enough. But some considerations are:
Models based on FTDI chips are generally better than the ones based on Prolific chips.
Try to get a usb-serial adapter that has nuts, not screws.
Here are a few ideal examples, with FTDI chips and jack nuts.
- Startech ICUSB232C (USB-C)
- Gearmo GM-FTDI2-LED16-C (USB-C)
Legend
For all the cable wiring notes above, the notes indicate how the cable differs from a canonical RS-232 DTE-to-DTE null-modem reference.
Any signal that is not mentioned, is wired according to the reference. IE, if TX or RX is not mentioned, then TX on one end of the cable is connected to RX on the other end of the cable.
Unless otherwise noted, the indicated wiring is symmetrical, the indicated connections are the same on both ends of the cable.
S+PG
- The cable Shield (& connector shell) is connected to Protective Ground or "frame ground" (pin 1 on the DB25 connector, no pin on the DB9 just the connector shell)
RI<-->RI
- Ring Iindicator is connected to Ring Indicator
- DB25 pin 22 (RI) is connected to DE9 pin 9 (RI)
DCD<-->RTS+CTS
- Request To Ssend is connected to Clear T Send on one end, and both are connected to Data Carrier Detect on the other end.
- DB25 pins 4 (RTS) & 5 (CTS) are connected to each other, and to DE9 pin 1 (DCD).
- DE9 pins 7 (RTS) & 8 (CTS) are connected to each other, and to DB25 pin 8 (DCD).